Common Causes of Swollen Gums

• Gingivitis: Early stage gum disease caused by plaque buildup — most common cause
• Periodontitis: Advanced gum disease with bone loss
• Dental abscess: Infection at the root of a tooth causing localized swelling
• Pericoronitis: Infection around a partially erupted wisdom tooth
• Ill-fitting dentures or dental appliances
• Hormonal changes (pregnancy, puberty, menopause)
• Certain medications that cause gum overgrowth
• Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy)

When Swollen Gums Are an Emergency

Seek immediate care if swelling is accompanied by: severe pain, fever, difficulty swallowing or breathing, swelling that has spread to the face or neck, or a pimple or abscess on the gum. These are signs of a serious infection that can spread.

Treatment for Swollen Gums

Treatment depends on the cause. Gingivitis is treated with a professional cleaning and improved home care. Periodontitis may require scaling and root planing (deep cleaning). A dental abscess requires root canal treatment or extraction. Pericoronitis may require removal of the wisdom tooth.

Preventing Swollen Gums

Brush twice daily with a soft-bristled toothbrush. Floss daily. Use an antiseptic mouthwash. Visit us every 6 months for professional cleanings. Avoid tobacco products. Eat a balanced diet.